Fenugreek
Trigonella foenum-graecum • Fabaceae
🌱 Seed Category
Herb / Legume
🌍 Origin Region
Native to the Mediterranean region, Western Asia, and Southern Europe, cultivated globally in arid and semi-arid regions.
📅 Days to Maturity
Fresh green leaves can be harvested in 30 days. Seeds and mature pods take approximately 90 to 120 days to reach full maturity.
🌡️ Hardiness Zones
Typically grown as a warm-season annual across USDA Hardiness Zones 2 through 11. Cannot survive freezing temperatures long-term.
About This Seed
The seeds are small, hard, yellowish-brown to dark brown, oblong to rhomboidal, and typically feature a distinct deep groove dividing them into two unequal lobes. The resulting plant is an annual herb growing 30-60 cm tall with compound leaves of three obovate leaflets, small white or yellowish-white pea-like flowers, and long slender pods containing 10-20 seeds.
Growing Information
Growing Season
Spring or early summer for summer harvest, or fall in warmer climates. Can be direct sown as soon as the soil can be worked in spring, or grown as a cover crop. Tolerates light frost.
Germination
Germinates in 3 to 7 days at an optimal soil temperature of 60°F to 70°F (15°C to 21°C). High germination rate (85-95%). No special light requirements, though darkness aids initial imbibition. Pre-soaking seeds in warm water for 12-24 hours can significantly speed up germination.
Planting Instructions
Plant seeds 0.5 inches (1.2 cm) deep, spaced 2 to 4 inches apart in rows spaced 12 inches apart. Prefers well-draining loamy or sandy loam soil with a neutral pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. Requires minimal soil amendment as it is a nitrogen-fixing legume.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Requires full sun (at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily). Water moderately during establishment; allow soil to dry slightly between waterings. Highly drought-tolerant once established, but avoid waterlogged soils.
Companion Plants
Beneficial companions include corn, grains, and leafy greens due to its nitrogen-fixing capabilities. Avoid planting near onions or garlic as they can stunt its growth.
Special Characteristics
Acts as a great nitrogen-fixing cover crop that improves soil fertility. Highly pollinator-friendly, attracting bees. Leaves and seeds are widely used in culinary spices and traditional herbal remedies.