Common Basil
Ocimum basilicum • Lamiaceae
🌱 Seed Category
Herb
🌍 Origin Region
Native to tropical regions from Central Africa to Southeast Asia, well-adapted to Mediterranean climates
📅 Days to Maturity
60-90 days to full maturity; leaves can be harvested as soon as the plant is 6-8 inches tall. Continuous harvest encourages bushier growth.
🌡️ Hardiness Zones
USDA Zones 2-11 as a summer annual. Very frost-sensitive; will die at the first light frost.
About This Seed
Seeds are tiny, oval, black, and smooth; they become gelatinous when wet. The dried seed heads shown are brown, papery calyxes on a raceme. The plant is a bushy annual, typically 12-24 inches tall, with glossy green, ovate leaves and small white flower spikes.
Growing Information
Growing Season
Warm season; plant after last frost. Start indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost or direct sow when soil is warm (above 70°F/21°C).
Germination
Germination takes 5-10 days. Optimal soil temperature is 70-85°F. Seeds require light to germinate; do not cover deeply. High germination rate (80%+). No pre-treatment required.
Planting Instructions
Planting depth: 1/8 inch (surface sow). Spacing: 10-12 inches apart. Prefers well-drained, rich loamy soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. Amend with compost before planting.
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full sun (6-8 hours/day). Needs consistent moisture but well-drained soil. Drought sensitive; wilts quickly when dry but recovers with water.
Companion Plants
Excellent companion for Tomatoes (improves flavor and deters pests), Peppers, and Asparagus. Avoid planting near Rue or Sage.
Special Characteristics
Highly aromatic, pollinator-friendly (flowers attract bees), culinary staple, deer resistant, and can be grown in containers or hydroponically.